The key features to an interview are;
- Good operation of the equipment; with some sound capturing devices small sounds are picked up incredibly easily, something like the swinging of cable or fumbling with buttons, and will ruin the recording, leaving you in a bit of a pickle.
- Reasonable questioning; too many questions will sometimes mean you miss key/important information because you're not listening properly.
Interviews need to sound like unscripted chats and the best way to achieve this is to limit the number of questions you have written and instead use what the interviewee has to said in answer to those as a starting point for others.
You need to listen to what is being said so that answers can prompt unscripted questions. All questions should be simple and straight forwards, but allow discussions as using closed questions are a bit of a pain; 'yes'' and 'no's' aren't what listeners want to hear.
Questions should be asked one at a time, as more than one can cause a commotion.
Finally, do your research so interviewees aren't always presented with the same questions in different interviews. They will get bored.
How to use a sound booth;
1. Gotta turn the thing called the mixer on. The switch is usually on the back panel.
2. Make sure the two master faders are all the way up.
3. The far left hand fader controls the mic, and the mic should be plugged into the fader.
4. Turn on the PC and open Adobe Audition.
5. Start recording, quite obviously by pressing record which is usually a little red dot icon. (Make sure the speakers are turned off!)You have to select 44100 as the sample rate, then stereo format, then 16-bit resolution.
6. Once recorded play back recording, by turning down the mic fader on mixer.
Friday, 3 February 2012
Public Affairs Lecture one: County and district councils
The difference between local MP's and Councillors;
Local MP's have no direct influence over a constituency. Instead they act as a messenger between the people and parliament. They're independent of councils and courts. Members of the constituency are able to arrange appointments to see the MP during their 'clinic' hours, where they are then able to ask q's and make requests of topics they wish to be discussed back in Westminster.
Councillors, on the other hand, have a more direct influence on the ward of which they are a member of the council to; they are responsible for make decisions on behalf of the local community.
Types of council;
The most powerful type of council is the County council, these types of council are in charge of all of the district councils within the county, for example, Hampshire county council is the big boss of Winchester City council.
The least powerful type of council is the parish council, who in theory highlight areas of concern to the district council, who then pass this on to the county council if they feel it is necessary. The Winchester forum could be considered a parish council.
Unitary authority is a combination of the county, district and parish councils; this type of council is typical of big towns like Southampton, Portsmouth and Bournemouth.
All councils have elected members, like parliament. The constituency's MP usually has an effect on which political leaning the council has. Councils also have their own form of cabinet.
Reporting on council meetings;
We are able to report council meetings under qualified privilege (fast, accurate and fair), using the defamation act 1996.
Local government funding;
Local governments were, during thatchers time in parliament (1990), funded by poll tax. This later changed after uproar, in 1993 to council tax. But this tax only pays for 1 quarter of what is needed to fun this from of authority. Other funding comes from central government which is ultimately gathered through income tax.
Councillors of both forms of council receive allowances for the expenses they may come across during their time as a councillor. Though members of the county council have an a lot higher allowance and will receive more if members of committees. They also have to publish what their expenses so the members of the community can keep a watchful eye over where their money is going. Council members can also become civil servants who advise MP's.
County council vs District councils;
Winchester city council have control of a budget of £2 million, and have responsibility of Leisure facilities, health provisions, parking and bin collection.
Hampshire county council have control of a budget of £1.8billion. They are responsible for half a million homes, education (120,000 children, 10,000 teachers), libraries and country parks. They also attempt to control negate press in articles to a minimum and aim for 89% positive or neutral feedback.
Local MP's have no direct influence over a constituency. Instead they act as a messenger between the people and parliament. They're independent of councils and courts. Members of the constituency are able to arrange appointments to see the MP during their 'clinic' hours, where they are then able to ask q's and make requests of topics they wish to be discussed back in Westminster.
Councillors, on the other hand, have a more direct influence on the ward of which they are a member of the council to; they are responsible for make decisions on behalf of the local community.
Types of council;
The most powerful type of council is the County council, these types of council are in charge of all of the district councils within the county, for example, Hampshire county council is the big boss of Winchester City council.
The least powerful type of council is the parish council, who in theory highlight areas of concern to the district council, who then pass this on to the county council if they feel it is necessary. The Winchester forum could be considered a parish council.
Unitary authority is a combination of the county, district and parish councils; this type of council is typical of big towns like Southampton, Portsmouth and Bournemouth.
All councils have elected members, like parliament. The constituency's MP usually has an effect on which political leaning the council has. Councils also have their own form of cabinet.
Reporting on council meetings;
We are able to report council meetings under qualified privilege (fast, accurate and fair), using the defamation act 1996.
Local government funding;
Local governments were, during thatchers time in parliament (1990), funded by poll tax. This later changed after uproar, in 1993 to council tax. But this tax only pays for 1 quarter of what is needed to fun this from of authority. Other funding comes from central government which is ultimately gathered through income tax.
Councillors of both forms of council receive allowances for the expenses they may come across during their time as a councillor. Though members of the county council have an a lot higher allowance and will receive more if members of committees. They also have to publish what their expenses so the members of the community can keep a watchful eye over where their money is going. Council members can also become civil servants who advise MP's.
County council vs District councils;
Winchester city council have control of a budget of £2 million, and have responsibility of Leisure facilities, health provisions, parking and bin collection.
Hampshire county council have control of a budget of £1.8billion. They are responsible for half a million homes, education (120,000 children, 10,000 teachers), libraries and country parks. They also attempt to control negate press in articles to a minimum and aim for 89% positive or neutral feedback.
Thursday, 2 February 2012
History and context of journalism lecture/reading two:
A paradigm of change; German Idealism
Kant:
Believes we have an intrinsic knowledge of whats right and what is wrong - a moral law. His ideas are contemporary with romanticism and can be seen through Keats idea that 'beauty is truth'. Ideas of Kant conflict with those of Hume; he believes that Hume dismisses the existence of science when he disregards metaphysics.
Kant aimed to safe guard knowledge from previous doctrines; he emphasised the importance of mind over matter which lead to his belief that the mind only truly exists; everything else is questionable.
His most important book is 'The Critique of Pure Reason' which aims to prove knowledge to be partly a priori and not entirely from experience.
He separates analytic and synthetic propositions then distinguished between empirical and a priori propositions.
Analytical propositions: is a predicate (conclusion of the proposition) which is part of a subject.
Synthetic propositions: knowledge through experience only; influences categorical imperatives.
Empirical knowledge: things aren't known without sense perception and comes from observational data; are true.
A priori knowledge: established through experience but has a basis other than our experiences.
His ideas of knowledge lead him to the conclusion that the following proofs of God aren't true.
Ontological - 'god is the most real thing therefore subject of all predicate that belong to absolute, and God is absolute.'
Cosmological - 'If anything exists then an absolute necessary being must exist.'
Physio-theological - 'the universe exhibits an order which is evidence of purpose and proves someone designed it.'
For Kant existence is most important; the existence of the universe is simply a necessary precondition of space and time. Existence just is, it is not a result of anything and is why he disregards the existence of god being absolute.
Kant is agnostic and believes in synthetic a priori knowledge, which is reasoning; we dont know for a fact but strongly believe it to be true and relies on intuition. He believes everyone to have the intuition of what is right and what is wrong, despite not stopping us doing the wring thing. This is the idea of de-ontological moral system, one which is rule based.
Synthetic a priori relies on nuomenal; the object in itself and cannot be know by definition, and phenomena; the object as it is perceived.
Hegel:
Hegel believes in the unreality of separateness; that the world is not a collection of hard units, each self subsistent. Instead he believes this to be an illusion and that nothing is completely real unless it is part of a whole. Though his idea of the whole being reality differs from Parmenides and Spinoza in conceiving the whole, not as a simple substance, but a complex system.
For Hegel separate things are of less or greater degrees of reality and its reality consists in an aspect of a whole which is seen when it is viewed truly.
He says 'real is rational, and the rational is real', but real is this sense is not what an empiricist would could consider. Instead he means that after the apparent character has been transformed by viewing them as aspects of a whole are they rational.
DIALECTIC;
Hegel takes a teleological approach to history, believing that history has a set goal and is headed somewhere. Everything happens for a reason and so history must be understood as a thing in itself. This is said to be influenced by Darwin in his theory of evolution with the idea that things will keep improving to suit the environment.
The idea of the dialect is to decipher what is absolute by finding the thesis, antithesis (both can be described as conflicting forces), and synthesis (a new 'whole' produced from the thesis and antithesis). Any suggested predicate of the absolute to the final conclusion of the dialectic, which is the absolute idea, and the dialectical process is based on the assumption that nothing can be true unless it is about reality as a whole. There is a universal soul, Hegel describes as the 'Geist' (the nature if the thing in itself) but alienation stops something from truly knowing itself, hence the dialectic.
Kant:
Believes we have an intrinsic knowledge of whats right and what is wrong - a moral law. His ideas are contemporary with romanticism and can be seen through Keats idea that 'beauty is truth'. Ideas of Kant conflict with those of Hume; he believes that Hume dismisses the existence of science when he disregards metaphysics.
Kant aimed to safe guard knowledge from previous doctrines; he emphasised the importance of mind over matter which lead to his belief that the mind only truly exists; everything else is questionable.
His most important book is 'The Critique of Pure Reason' which aims to prove knowledge to be partly a priori and not entirely from experience.
He separates analytic and synthetic propositions then distinguished between empirical and a priori propositions.
Analytical propositions: is a predicate (conclusion of the proposition) which is part of a subject.
Synthetic propositions: knowledge through experience only; influences categorical imperatives.
Empirical knowledge: things aren't known without sense perception and comes from observational data; are true.
A priori knowledge: established through experience but has a basis other than our experiences.
His ideas of knowledge lead him to the conclusion that the following proofs of God aren't true.
Ontological - 'god is the most real thing therefore subject of all predicate that belong to absolute, and God is absolute.'
Cosmological - 'If anything exists then an absolute necessary being must exist.'
Physio-theological - 'the universe exhibits an order which is evidence of purpose and proves someone designed it.'
For Kant existence is most important; the existence of the universe is simply a necessary precondition of space and time. Existence just is, it is not a result of anything and is why he disregards the existence of god being absolute.
Kant is agnostic and believes in synthetic a priori knowledge, which is reasoning; we dont know for a fact but strongly believe it to be true and relies on intuition. He believes everyone to have the intuition of what is right and what is wrong, despite not stopping us doing the wring thing. This is the idea of de-ontological moral system, one which is rule based.
Synthetic a priori relies on nuomenal; the object in itself and cannot be know by definition, and phenomena; the object as it is perceived.
Hegel:
Hegel believes in the unreality of separateness; that the world is not a collection of hard units, each self subsistent. Instead he believes this to be an illusion and that nothing is completely real unless it is part of a whole. Though his idea of the whole being reality differs from Parmenides and Spinoza in conceiving the whole, not as a simple substance, but a complex system.
For Hegel separate things are of less or greater degrees of reality and its reality consists in an aspect of a whole which is seen when it is viewed truly.
He says 'real is rational, and the rational is real', but real is this sense is not what an empiricist would could consider. Instead he means that after the apparent character has been transformed by viewing them as aspects of a whole are they rational.
DIALECTIC;
Hegel takes a teleological approach to history, believing that history has a set goal and is headed somewhere. Everything happens for a reason and so history must be understood as a thing in itself. This is said to be influenced by Darwin in his theory of evolution with the idea that things will keep improving to suit the environment.
The idea of the dialect is to decipher what is absolute by finding the thesis, antithesis (both can be described as conflicting forces), and synthesis (a new 'whole' produced from the thesis and antithesis). Any suggested predicate of the absolute to the final conclusion of the dialectic, which is the absolute idea, and the dialectical process is based on the assumption that nothing can be true unless it is about reality as a whole. There is a universal soul, Hegel describes as the 'Geist' (the nature if the thing in itself) but alienation stops something from truly knowing itself, hence the dialectic.
Sunday, 29 January 2012
Radio News Lecture one:
Radio is immediate, intermediate and personal and is therefore different to broadcast on television.
Radio journalism uses the following conventions:
Headlines - outline a summary of main stories and proceed bulletins.
Bulletins - usually 2-5 minutes long and begin with a headline. Include a voicer or voice piece, use audio cuts and vox pops.
News Programmes - have a headline, explore topics in greater detail, include many stories, interviews, two ways and sometimes debate and comment, also packages.
Magazine Programmes - Topical (new stories) and timeless, or may use a topical story as a peg on which to hang. May use many of the same conventions as news programmes, but may also include other items.
documentaries
Packages:
- a cue is read
- May have an introduction and conclusion read by reporter.
- reporter links recorded or on location may be included.
- Some times there is more than one interview.
- May have vox pops, music, sound FX and archive clips.
- These are all then packaged together.
Documentaries:
- Documentaries are extented packages or feature which explore particular subject or issue in great depth.
- they use the same conventions and content as packages and, sometimes, news programmes.
Target audiences:
- Defined by ages and social demogrphic (A, B, C1, C2, D, E).
- Style and format will be dictated by target audience to which the station aims it output.
Practical - Vox Pops:
We were sent out with recording equipment to gather vox pops on a newsworthy topic of our choice. Myself, Ellen and Tammy set out with the intention of asking people what there views were on the nearing £1million pound bonus, Stephen Hester of RBS is set to receive. After approaching a handful of people we realised no one was willing to give us an answer and decided to change what we asked.
We then came up with asking how the rise in the cost of living has effected the people of Winchester, particularly the rise in train fares, as we believed this to be a timeless topic effecting most people in some way. Our change of question meant we actually got some very interesting answers to edit together next lesson. Fun times.
Radio journalism uses the following conventions:
Headlines - outline a summary of main stories and proceed bulletins.
Bulletins - usually 2-5 minutes long and begin with a headline. Include a voicer or voice piece, use audio cuts and vox pops.
News Programmes - have a headline, explore topics in greater detail, include many stories, interviews, two ways and sometimes debate and comment, also packages.
Magazine Programmes - Topical (new stories) and timeless, or may use a topical story as a peg on which to hang. May use many of the same conventions as news programmes, but may also include other items.
documentaries
Packages:
- a cue is read
- May have an introduction and conclusion read by reporter.
- reporter links recorded or on location may be included.
- Some times there is more than one interview.
- May have vox pops, music, sound FX and archive clips.
- These are all then packaged together.
Documentaries:
- Documentaries are extented packages or feature which explore particular subject or issue in great depth.
- they use the same conventions and content as packages and, sometimes, news programmes.
Target audiences:
- Defined by ages and social demogrphic (A, B, C1, C2, D, E).
- Style and format will be dictated by target audience to which the station aims it output.
Practical - Vox Pops:
We were sent out with recording equipment to gather vox pops on a newsworthy topic of our choice. Myself, Ellen and Tammy set out with the intention of asking people what there views were on the nearing £1million pound bonus, Stephen Hester of RBS is set to receive. After approaching a handful of people we realised no one was willing to give us an answer and decided to change what we asked.
We then came up with asking how the rise in the cost of living has effected the people of Winchester, particularly the rise in train fares, as we believed this to be a timeless topic effecting most people in some way. Our change of question meant we actually got some very interesting answers to edit together next lesson. Fun times.
Tuesday, 24 January 2012
History and context of journalism lecture/reading one:
Free trade, Industrial state and the growth of cities:
Act of Union 1707- was the first British empire. But there was a possibility of a Scottish empire. Instead, Britain and Scotland together creating the UK.
Darien:
New Caledonia; cost one fifth of Scotland wealth but was a disaster. People fell ill and starving, so fled. Scotland never recovered and surrendered sovereignty in the act of union 1707. defeat of Prince Charles Stuart at Culloden 1746 established the UK. In 1801 An act of union involving Ireland took place after famine and revolution.
People became much poorer; New Poor Law Act 1834 stated that no able bodied person was to receive money or help from poor law unless they were in a workhouse.This is considered utilitarianism, a view of Bentham: 'Happiness as a pleasure with the absence of pain.'
The romantic movement;
Act of Union 1707- was the first British empire. But there was a possibility of a Scottish empire. Instead, Britain and Scotland together creating the UK.
Darien:
New Caledonia; cost one fifth of Scotland wealth but was a disaster. People fell ill and starving, so fled. Scotland never recovered and surrendered sovereignty in the act of union 1707. defeat of Prince Charles Stuart at Culloden 1746 established the UK. In 1801 An act of union involving Ireland took place after famine and revolution.
As a result of the French revolution, despite taxes created for to pay for Napoleonic war efforts, Britain were able to thrive on the rising levels of exports because the french were 'cut' out of trade. British naval power was absolute and were able to create a new empire. The trans Atlantic triangle of trade (slave trade) was also very profitable for Britain. 16th century one million slaves transported from Africa to America - 17th century 3 million - 18th century 7 million.
After the war ended, an industrial slump occurred creating unemployment and low wages. The corn law was created and meant tariffs on imported grain as a government effort to save the British farming industry.
The industrial revolution - 1760 to 1830:
Manchester was seen as the center of the revolution and was described as 'hell on earth' it was polluted, diseased and poverty stricken, with people living in slums. During this time Marx and Engels began working toward the communist manifesto, published in 1848.
Politics:
The idea of 'class consciousness' was developed and in doing so people became aware of the unfair workings of parliament in that industrial towns were not able to elect MP's. Peterloo Massacre, 1819 Manchester: cavalry charged a crowd of 60,000 demanding parliamentary reform. From this unions were began as a method of rejecting the government.
Farming:
The industry changed dramatically; farming enclosure had ended the idea of landholding peasantry, and huge farming enterprises were created, the 'Enclosures Act' sent peasants who had lived on their farms to the city.
People became much poorer; New Poor Law Act 1834 stated that no able bodied person was to receive money or help from poor law unless they were in a workhouse.This is considered utilitarianism, a view of Bentham: 'Happiness as a pleasure with the absence of pain.'
The romantic movement;
In its most basic form is described as a revolt against ethical and aesthetic standards, with Rousseau as its leading philosopher. the above demonstrates how prominent industrialism and this movement was a revolt against it because it was seen by romanticists to the aesthetically unpleasing and interfering in individualism (aesthetics refers to beauty and value in something usefulness). They were against utilitarianism, which was accepted by others and is based on the idea that virtue is based on utility, and that actions should be directed toward gaining the greatest happiness of the greatest number of persons.
Rousseau;
Believed in the ethic of sensibility, which took the place of ordinary virtues. He believed in the 'Noble savage'; the stage of human development in which humankind was most happy, as well as that least subject to violent upheavals and the period best for humankind before we became civilized. His ideal state of nature is one of natural law and doesn't object to natural inequality. Though the main cause is believed by him to be the ownership of private property. He believed that 'man is naturally good and only by institutions is he made bad.'
Monday, 5 December 2011
Media Concepts revision notes.
Multiple choice questions:
Mass culture theory:
- Pierre Bourdieu; asks how logic of taste and preference work challenges notions of innate taste or ‘authentic’ sensibilities.
- Different forms of culture provide different forms of pleasure.
- Tastes and notions of quality are socially constructed. Used differently by different groups to gain status.
- Cultural Capital; invest into consumption practices- acquiring status – producing symbolic capital of power. Can be acquired through education and its value can shift when context is changed.
Saussure/Signs – semiotics:
- Language not just a way of classifying objects in an external world
- Words only have meaning as parts of systems i.e. languages
- Langue = the system or language
- Parole = actual utterances of words
- Signifier (concept)+signified (word)=sign
- Signs only have meaning within particular systems of meaning
- Denotation and connotation.
- Pierce: Symbolic; signs in which the relationship between the sign and its meaning are totally arbitary, Iconic; signs that resemble their meaning in some way, and Indexical signs; signs that indicate what they stand for.
Structuralism (Wright, Eco, Barthes):
- Propp - 'narratemes' - he designed a structure of narratemes made up of 8 character roles, and 31 basic narratemes.
- Todorov supports Propp, claiming all stories have the same universal formal properties.
- Wright = westerns and Eco = James Bond.
Fabula/syuzhet (Bordwell):
- Fabula is deducted from Syuzhet
- Syuzhet is an employment of narrative and fabula is the chronological order of the retold events.
Genre Theory:
- Another way to explore the media text constructed meaning.
- Genre is a signifying system; a paradigm (lists of possible signs from which particular signs are selected to form syntagms).
- Agents of ‘ideological closure’
- Limit meaning potential; ‘Contract’ between producer and audiences as to content; Annoying when broken.
- There are usually generic features to genres. But there is also genre hybridity.
- Genre changes and develops over time.
Political economy:
- To fully understand media and cultural texts we have to examine the material conditions in which they are produced
- Relate texts to wider social relationships and power
- Hard power - control of capital, military, legal systems, etc.
- Soft power - symbols, discourses, the cultural and semiological
- Power – works at three levels
- 1. The ability to influence decisions
- 2. The ability to set the agenda in the first place
- 3. Structural power - the effect an institution has by simply ‘being there’
Hegemony
- Power – works at three levels
- The ability to influence decisions
- The ability to set the agenda in the first place
- Structural power - the effect an institution has by simply ‘being there’
- Hegemony - when popular ideas or ‘common sense’ reflect the interests of the powerful ideology. Also known as ‘culturalism’.
- Hegemony never finally secured.
- Resistance to dominant ideologies. Media and cultural texts can be sites of resistance.
Stuart Hall:
- Popular culture; he suggests the boundaries of popular culture become a site of contestation.
- Constructions of art are merely weapons of power struggle.
- Encoding and decoding model;
- Dominant : Share's the text's code, and accepts/reproduces the text.
- Negotiated - partly shares the codes but may resist/modify the code to reflect their own life
- Oppositional - understands the reading but does not share/deal with it.
Lister:
- Audience identity; new media-virtual reality.
- Identities and communities online; new media provides new ways of experiencing self and relating to groups in society. ‘In touch but, never touching. As deeply connected as they are profoundly alienated.
- Being anonymous; different mediation allow is to express different parts of our identity. Different communications effect how we present ourselves.
- Belonging; online communities create a sense of belonging and use them as an antidote to social fragmentation.
The Chicago school:
- Offer a mode of regulation: law; social norms; the market; architecture.
- Social norms; the prescribed and proscribed forms of media of behaviour. They aren’t administered through authority.
- Markets; availability and prices regulate by effecting how we consume or produce. Independent of laws and social norms.
- Architecture; forms of constraints that prevent us doing things – passwords regulate our use of networks. They are pre-action constraints – social norms and law are post action constraints.
- Changes to one will affect the regulated activity, they all regulate to different degrees.
Narrative:
- A communicative act – narrative involves a ‘teller’ and a ‘listener’.
- All narratives involve a sequence of events (they are located in time).
- All narratives are constructed.
Framing and priming:
- Framing: helps to construct the ‘preferred’ reading. It’s the media perspective.
- Priming: endorses certain responses to active certain thoughts (in the preferred readers mind)
Computer mediated communications:
- The separation between reality and online reality.
-
Todorov – structuralism
- Believes there are common structures in the narrative of a story. Equilibrium – disequilibrium –equilibrium.
- The structure of narratives tends to suggest that the restitution of the status quo is ‘normal’ and ‘appropriate’
- Suggests ideology.
Barthes
- Believes narratives have up to 5 distinct codes operating below the surface.
- This includes enigma code (meaning) - this activates the viewer or readers interest in guessing the meaning or ending.
- Enigmas or ‘puzzles’ are introduced, resolved, reintroduced.
- Symbolic codes (through which stories are symbolically represented)
- Cultural codes – narratives frequently draw upon ‘authoritative knowledge’ or popular shared assumptions.
- Myth - wrestling
- Myth is political and ideological.
- Codes which are taken for granted and seen not as codes but as ‘natural.
- Signs placed in different codes operate in different ways
Uses and gratifications
- Katz and Blumer.
- Audience can control media exposure.
- People use media for what they want, his may be complex and conflicting.
- May be expressed in different ways:
- 1. To reinforce existing views
- 2. To identify opposing views
- 3. To be immersed in a community
- 4. To escape reality
Chomsky and Herman:
- Outlined a propaganda model; focuses on the effects of US capitalist ideology on agenda setting in the media.
- They said there were five main filters or ways media is given consent in society.
- By size, concentrated ownership, owner wealth and profit orientation of the dominant mass media firms.
- By advertising as the primary income source of the mass media.
- By the reliance on the media on information provided by government, business and experts.
- By ‘flak’ as means of disciplining the media.
- By anticommunism as control of mechanism.
- ‘Flak’refers to negative responses to media or news programmes. The ability to produce flack is the greatest for the powerful institutions most committed to the capitalist cause.
- Media professionals are puppets of capitalism.
- Everything media professionals do can be explained in terms of ideology and its effects.
- Ideology explains media effects take many theoretical forms.
- Suggest there is a ruling class and that this ruling class controls the media and their effects.
Thursday, 1 December 2011
News Writing: 'hit' or 'collision'
We were asked to write a news story from a sussex police press release, this is what i came up with;
A 13-year-old boy died after being hit by a car in sussex, yesterday afternoon.
The 62-year-old driver and his passenger, were both uninjured. The boy was rushed to East Surrey Hospital with serious injuries, where he later died.
The driver of the Land Rover was arrested, at the scene, on suspicion of careless driving and has been released on bail until January.
In one of the examples Brian chose to show to the group, 'hit by a car' was discussed to decide whether or not it was the right phase to use as opposed to 'collision'. Turns out we can, but can sometimes be a problem because it suggests there is someone to blame and is defamatory.
Mentioning the car was a Land Rover was bought up; it doesn't need to be included because what car it was is irrelevant, speed is, even though Land Rovers are bigger cars and look as though they could do more damage than your average smart car....
A 13-year-old boy died after being hit by a car in sussex, yesterday afternoon.
The 62-year-old driver and his passenger, were both uninjured. The boy was rushed to East Surrey Hospital with serious injuries, where he later died.
The driver of the Land Rover was arrested, at the scene, on suspicion of careless driving and has been released on bail until January.
In one of the examples Brian chose to show to the group, 'hit by a car' was discussed to decide whether or not it was the right phase to use as opposed to 'collision'. Turns out we can, but can sometimes be a problem because it suggests there is someone to blame and is defamatory.
Mentioning the car was a Land Rover was bought up; it doesn't need to be included because what car it was is irrelevant, speed is, even though Land Rovers are bigger cars and look as though they could do more damage than your average smart car....
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